Congressional Agencies And Public Office - 1573 Words

POS 4424 Assignment One Members of congress are faced with many tough decisions during their time in public office. They have to balance the interest of their constituencies with the interests of outside influences such as political parties, special interest groups, or national interests. These interests are rarely aligned and require tough decisions to be made when voting. When preparing to vote on a major issue congress members are inundated with different opinions sent in by email, mail, phone calls, and social media (How a Member Decides to Vote). Congressional agencies provide reports and studies, special interest groups send in background material, and fellow congress members provide recommendations (How a Member Decides to Vote).†¦show more content†¦( Friedersdorf, Conor) Lee voted against the AUMF because she felt that it was too broad and gave the Bush administration too much discretionary military power. Lee represented the ultra-liberal 13th district of Californ ia, which included the area of Berkeley, Oakland, and Alameda. Interestingly, her father was a retired lieutenant colonel in the U.S. army, but was notorious was her anti-war sentiment. (Friedersdorf, Conor). The Senate passed the AUMF in a vote of 98-0 and the House 420-1, Lee being the only vote against. This vote was especially controversial because the political climate after 9/11 was that of national unity and her vote broke that unity. Lee’s vote reflected the views of her constituency amid national pressure to vote for the resolution. Her vote did not go unnoticed and she received many letters of support and opposition. She was predicted to lose her seat and subsequently did not. Lee’s single vote against the AUMF illustrates the conflicting nature of local and national interests that congress members face. Looking back, some believe that her vote was vindicated. The U.S. has been entangled in two costly wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in addition to the AUMF being used liberally for purposes other than it was originally intended. On February 3rd, 2015 three republicans voted against the repeal of the Affordable Care Act, going against the Republican Party’s policy of repealing the

Plato s Theory Of Knowledge - 830 Words

Philosophers conventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can have a belief which is true and justified, yet still not amounting to knowledge. By analyzing the concepts of Plato’s theory, I will bring to light its inadequacies, proving the complication Gettier poses to be a genuine philosophical problem. The first of the three requirements knowledge must meet is that is has to be accurate or parallel with a reality outside itself—it has to be true! Knowledge is not attainable if what you think you know is actually false. Secondly, knowledge must be ‘justified’. Justified suggests that there are sufficient reasons to support the fact, at hand. Finally, for something to be ‘known’ as true, it needs to be believed. Knowledge necessitates a feeling of conviction about being right. If someone hesitates to offer an answer to a question because they lack confidence, even though they may have the right answer, it is reasonable to assume that they don’t really know the answer at all. Putting the three requirements together forms a tripartite theory ofShow MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Knowledge833 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophers have conventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can haveRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge1413 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s theory of knowledge claims that knowledge is only achieved in what is eternal and unchanging. True knowledge is distinguished from all else by its unique nature of being perceived by intellection and without hypothesis. Throughout the Republic, Plato attempts to explain through se veral images of speech and conceptual examples the essence of what is and what is not true knowledge. Plato’s model of education is reflective of his belief that the purpose of education is to point towards knowledgeRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge And Right Opinion1157 Words   |  5 PagesPlato distinguishes and justifies his distinction between genuine knowledge and right opinion. The three major approaches which Plato takes are psychological: based on the structure of the rational soul. Epistemological: based on the establishment of standards of truth and knowledge. Metaphysical: based on a theory of reality. Plato s theory of knowledge originates from the seemingly past debates amid Socrates and the sophists, of that Plato s dialogues give us a vivid picture. The method PlatoRead MoreThe Form Of Truth : Plato s Theory Of Knowledge893 Words   |  4 Pagesunchanging truths. Plato encouraged looking past what is directly visible in order to find truths that exist ind ependent of the physical world. The understanding of the idea of reality through the discussion of the Divided Line and the allegory of the cave directly contributes and proves his theory of Forms and lie at the heart of his philosophy, which I think is convincing because of the extent of his discussions through experimental-based and direct evidence. Plato argued that true knowledge was not obtainedRead MoreIs Plato s Theory Of Recollection A Plausible Solution For Meno s Paradox Of Knowledge?960 Words   |  4 PagesBorja November 2014 PHIL 1301.001 Word Count: Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection a plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? The general topic is Plato’s theory of recollection. Is Plato’s Theory of Recollection the plausible solution to Meno’s Paradox of Knowledge? Throughout many of his dialogues Plato often concludes that we cannot know something through our senses. He often concludes that we became acquainted with our knowledge in a previous existence. In Meno, Socrates states that,Read MoreWeaknesses Of Plato1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Meno, Plato justifies the possibility for one’s mind to uncover knowledge. Knowing one can obtain knowledge motivates the mind to gain more knowledge. 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Plato : The Essential Themes Of The Meno1633 Words   |  7 Pagesof context that is crucial to understanding the essential themes of the Meno, largely because the dialogue sits nearly at the beginning of western philosophy. Socrates and Plato are working not so much in the context of previous philosophies as in the context of the lack of them. Further, this is very probably one of Plato s earliest surviving dialogues, set in about 402 BCE (by extension, we might presume that it represents Socrates at a relatively early stage in his own thought). Nonetheless,Read MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Gol den Mean 1109 Words   |  5 Pageswas a student of Plato, as well as founded/ taught at several academies. He wrote on diverse subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, logic, politics, government, and ethics. He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in existence during his time, and he was the founder of many new fields. Aristotle was one of the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers. Aristotle s theory of the Golden Mean was found in his work, Nicomachean Ethics. This theory has also been expressedRead MorePlato s Theory Of Forms Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages Plato was a standout amongst the most innovative and persuasive masterminds in Western philosophy, his impact all through the historical backdrop of philosophy has been monumental. Born around 428 B.C, he researched an extensive variety of topics; however, his Theory of Forms, found in The Republic, is an essential piece of Plato s philosophy. This is the center thought behind Plato s theory of forms, from this thought he moves towards clarifying his universe of forms or ideas. While trying

Non Functional Requirements Of The System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Non Functional Requirements Of The System. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is gaining importance with the passage of time. It can be considered to be an IT model or paradigm that facilitates the users to access shared resources by using the Internet. Cloud based solutions include resources, applications as well as services to the customers and users on the basis of their demand via Internet. Headspace organization manages young patients who are suffering from mental illness like depression. Their aim is to develop a health record system by using cloud based platform services. This system will be able to record patients story when they are narrating it for the first time (Steele, Min Lo, 2012). This report gives brief overview of the non functional requirements of the system. It depicts a comparison between the non functional and functional requirements of the health record system. This report discusses about the pros and cons of a cloud based solution. It talks about the strengths and weaknesses of the Adaptive and Predictive approach of SDLC. At the end it gives recommendation about selecting either the predictive or the adaptive approach. Non Functional Requirements Non functional requirements of a system are the specific attributes that helps in understanding about the operations and quality of the system as a whole. It is not possible to evaluate these attributes prior to its delivery to the clients (Chung, Nixon Mylopoulos, 2012). The working ability of the system can be evaluated by understanding these attributes. Some of the non functional requirements are reliability, security and functionality. The non functional requirements of the Headspace project are discussed below. Functionality This requirement is one of the main non functional requirements of the health record system. Functionality is based on the performance consistency of the system. The functionality in case of the health record system is to record patient stories at the time of initial narration. Another functionality of the system is its robustness and flexibility. The system be easily accessible to the users. Usability Usability is the ease with which the users will be able to access as well as use the system. It measures the degree to which the user needs will be satisfied. The system properties must be simple for the ease of the users. The usability of the system will be high if it is able to simplify the jobs in an effective manner. The error rate should be less. The heath record system must be developed in such a manner so that the users do not face any issue while dealing with the system. Reliability A system is considered to be reliable if it functions accurately and if the chance of failure is very low. The reliability of the health record system will be based on its ability to record the patient story and details accurately. Time for recovery of the system should be less. The system should be able to recover data whenever required. Performance System performance is completely dependent on its throughput, availability and response time. The size of RAM and speed of the CPU plays a significant role in the performance of the system. The performance of the health record system should be high with quick response time and high throughput. The data processing speed of the system should be high so that the correct data is available at the correct time. A summary button can be added for getting a quick overview of the patient details. Security Security concerns of information systems are increasing at a fast pace. Sensitive information about the patients will be stored in the health record system. It must be protected with strong security policies for preventing any unauthorized users to gain access to the sensitive data (Kulkarni et al., 2012). The integrity and confidentiality of the data needs to be maintained. Security is an essential non functional requirement of the health record system. Functional and Non-functional requirements Functional requirements describe the system functionality. It says what should be done by the system. It is responsible for specifying the function and behavior of the system. This requirement is an essential part of the contract as it points out the actions to be performed by the system. These requirements are focused on technical functionalities. One main functional requirement of the health record system is its authentication factor. Authentication will allow only authorized users to access the sensitive information. A system of biometric authentication can be implemented (Jain Nandakumar, 2012). This requirement is related to the security feature of non functional needs of the system. Professionals belonging to different levels must have access to different information (Pearce Bainbridge, 2014). Another functional requirement is that the system should have the ability to give accurate summary about the patient details. This is related to the functionality aspect of the non functional need or requirement. Functional requirements describe the services or functionalities of the system but the non functional requirements deal with certain attributes for judging the system operation and performance after its delivery to the customers. Strength and Weakness of cloud based solution Cloud based solutions provides several benefits to the users. The major strengths of cloud based solutions are discussed below: Cost Effective: Cloud based solutions are inexpensive. The operational as well as the capital expense of the organization will be minimized by deploying cloud models. The cost of in-house storage is saved by using cloud based solutions (AlZain et al., 2012). The users need to pay small amount of money depending on the on demand services provided by the cloud. Reliability: The cloud based solutions are more reliable than the storage facility that is in-house (Galibus Vissia, 2015). The backup mechanism is quick in cloud platform. When there is server failure, then the cloud services can be used in other servers are not down. Competitive Advantage and Manageability: The IT system can be managed by the cloud services in a simplified manner. The vendors take the responsibility for maintaining the software on a regular basis. The organization that adopts cloud based solutions gain competitive advantage. The users can focus on the productivity of the business and save time by using cloud based platforms. There are few cons of cloud based solutions: Downtime: When the cloud servers are down then it affects the business activities ultimately leading to business loss. Security: The cloud platforms are susceptible to various security attacks like phishing attacks, DoS, Trojan horses and virus attacks. The system can even get hacked for accessing sensitive data (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Limited Control: The third party vendors have full control over the system. The users do not have backend control over the cloud platform. Strengths of Hybrid Cloud The users have a direct access to the private infrastructure of the hybrid cloud (Li et al., 2013). The users take much less time to access the hybrid clouds in comparison to access time of the public cloud. Hybrid clouds are known for offering user designs that are flexible in nature (Li et al. 2015). Hybrid cloud has a computational infrastructure that can support business workload in an effective manner. Limitations of hybrid cloud The users have to spend more on hybrid cloud than in public cloud (Chen Zhao, 2012). The expenditure involved in public cloud infrastructure is much less. Security issue is a major limitation of the hybrid cloud infrastructure. The hybrid clouds are not compatible with every infrastructure and this is another major issue of the hybrid cloud. SDLC Approach Software development life cycle or SDLC is used for describing the various phases of developing a system or software. SDLC contains many phases for the purpose of determining the feasibility of the system, planning for the development, implementing the plan followed by testing and system maintenance program. The predictive and adaptive SDLC approach has been described below. Predictive Approach The predictive approach of SDLC determines all the phases that are needed for the development of software. These stages and sequential steps are determined before the implementation process. This approach includes a fixed delivery schedule (Tuteja Dubey, 2012). This type of approach is best suited for projects whose requirements are understood in a clear manner prior to its development. It can be used for projects that have been developed previously. Pros of predictive approach are: The objective as well as the scope of the project is clear. The requirements are fixed. Proper documentation is done for tracking the activities. Most of the projects that use this approach tend to complete it within the deadline. Chance of failure is low as the needs are clear. Cons of predictive approach are: Failure of the system leads to huge loss. There is huge difficulty in adding new features as this will lead to the disruption of the entire plan. It is not a flexible approach. Absence of feedback mechanism leads to huge difficulty. Adaptive Approach Adaptive and predictive approach is different from each other. Adaptive approach is a flexible approach where there is no fixed execution schedule or delivery plan (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). This is not a sequential approach. Improvisation and modification of project plan is possible in this approach at any stage. Pros of adaptive approach are: Effective testing is carried out at every phase. Improvisation and modification of project plan is possible in this approach at any stage. It is adaptable to the constantly changing environment. Constant feedback is considered from the clients in order to improve the project and clarify the requirement. Cons of adaptive approach are: Project might not get completed within the right deadline. Proper documentation is absent in this approach. This creates problem in tracking any activity. It can be suggested that the adaptive approach will be best suited for the Headspace project. It will help to modify and improvise the project plan as per the user needs and requirements (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). The feedback mechanism of this approach will help to reduce the chance of failure of the system. Conclusion It can be concluded from this report that the health record system should adopt the Adaptive SDLC approach because of its various advantages. This report presented a comparison between the functional and non functional requirement of the system. It explained the pros and cons of a cloud based solution. The advantages and limitations of the hybrid cloud are also discussed in this report. This report also gave a brief overview of the limitations and advantages of the predictive as well as the adaptive SDLC approach. References AlZain, M. A., Pardede, E., Soh, B., Thom, J. A. (2012, January). Cloud computing security: from single to multi-clouds. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 5490-5499). IEEE. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 2(1), 26-30. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. In Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Chung, L., Nixon, B. A., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J. (2012). Non-functional requirements in software engineering (Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Galibus, T., Vissia, H. E. R. M. (2015). Cloud storage security. Proc NSCE, 2014, 123-127. Jain, A. K., Nandakumar, K. (2012). Biometric Authentication: System Security and User Privacy. IEEE Computer, 45(11), 87-92. Kulkarni, G., Gambhir, J., Patil, T., Dongare, A. (2012, June). A security aspects in cloud computing. In Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on (pp. 547-550). IEEE. Li, J., Li, Y. K., Chen, X., Lee, P. P., Lou, W. (2015). A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized deduplication. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(5), 1206-1216. Li, Q., Wang, Z. Y., Li, W. H., Li, J., Wang, C., Du, R. Y. (2013). Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform. Enterprise Information Systems, 7(3), 237-271. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Pearce, C., Bainbridge, M. (2014). A personally controlled electronic health record for Australia. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(4), 707-713. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016). Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Steele, R., Min, K., Lo, A. (2012). Personal health record architectures: technology infrastructure implications and dependencies. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 63(6), 1079-1091. Tuteja, M., Dubey, G. (2012). A research study on importance of testing and quality assurance in software development life cycle (SDLC) models. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(3), 251-257